Web Fundamentals
HTML, CSS, and how the browser actually works - the web platform itself, learned properly before any framework touches it.
Basic
What the Web Actually Is The web isn't magic - it's two programs talking. This guide builds the mental model everything else in Web Fundamentals depends on: browsers and servers, URLs and DNS, and the three languages (HTML, CSS, JS) that make a page.
HTML From Zero HTML is the structure underneath every web page - the tags that say 'this is a heading, this is a link, this is a list.' Build a real About Me page from an empty skeleton to a fully semantic document.
CSS Without Tears CSS looks like a pile of unrelated rules until you learn the handful of ideas underneath it - selectors, the box model, units, and positioning. This guide builds all four on one running example.
Intermediate
Flexbox and Grid The two CSS layout systems that replaced floats and hacks: Flexbox for rows and columns, Grid for full two-dimensional layouts, and how to pick between them.
The DOM Explained The DOM is the live, in-memory tree the browser builds from your HTML - and the thing JavaScript actually touches. Learn how it differs from the HTML source, how to select and change elements, and how events bubble.
Forms That Work Forms are how the web collects input - and most of what makes them good or broken lives in details people skip. Build one real signup form and wire up labels, validation, and submission the right way.
How the Browser Renders a Page What happens between the browser receiving HTML/CSS bytes and pixels showing on screen - parsing, the render tree, layout, paint, and why some style changes are far more expensive than others.
Responsive Design How to build a layout that works from a phone screen to a desktop monitor: the viewport meta tag, media queries, fluid units, and responsive images.
Accessibility From Day One Accessibility isn't a checklist bolted on at the end - it's a byproduct of using HTML correctly. Learn why it matters, how ARIA and focus management fill the gaps semantic HTML leaves, and how to test with a real screen reader.
Browser Storage and Cookies How browsers remember things between page loads: cookies and their security attributes, localStorage/sessionStorage/IndexedDB, and which one to reach for depending on what you're storing.